In everyday terms, a misdiagnosis case involves a healthcare provider making a clinical decision that falls short of what a reasonably careful clinician would do under similar circumstances. That decision might involve missing a key symptom, ordering the wrong tests, misreading results, failing to follow up on abnormal findings, or concluding that a serious condition is unlikely without adequate evaluation.
What makes these cases especially difficult is that patients often do everything “right.” They show up to appointments, describe symptoms, complete recommended testing, and follow instructions. Still, diagnostic accuracy can break down due to human error, system problems, or communication failures. In New Mexico—where care may be delivered across large geographic distances and different types of facilities—delays and handoffs can become even more consequential.
A misdiagnosis is not the same as an unfortunate medical outcome where all reasonable steps were taken. The legal focus is on the quality of the diagnostic process and whether that process, as it happened, contributed to harm. In other words, the question is not only “what happened,” but also “what should have been recognized earlier and what would likely have changed.”


