Many bites happen in places where people assume everyone is “just following normal rules”—for example, a visitor entering a building, a delivery person stopping at a door, or someone passing near a yard or ground-floor area. In Jersey City, insurers often argue:
- The dog was under reasonable control (or should have been)
- The injured person approached unexpectedly
- The incident was not foreseeable based on prior behavior
- The injury was exaggerated or unrelated (often by focusing on timing or record gaps)
Even when the dog owner seems clearly at fault, coverage defenses can still appear early—especially if the incident involves shared property areas, rental buildings, or mixed responsibility between a landlord, tenant, and visitor.


