In Richmond, a lot of exposure happens during normal life:
- Commuting and short errands: Stopping at a store, picking up a prescription, or running across town during smoky afternoons.
- Outdoor school and youth activities: Practice days, late-afternoon games, and outdoor events when AQI climbs.
- Indoor air that doesn’t stay “clean”: HVAC settings, window/door habits, and filtration that may not match what smoke days require.
Even if the wildfire is far away, the legal question is about foreseeable harm—whether reasonable steps could have reduced exposure or protected occupants once smoke conditions were known or should have been known.


